Grade+4+Physical+Science

=Grade 4 Physical Science=
 * Topic: Electricity, Heat, and Matter**


 * Content 1: The total amount of matter is conserved when it undergoes a change.**

In everyday life, observations that things “disappear” or “appear” seem to contradict one of the fundamental laws of nature: Matter can be neither created nor destroyed. This session explores various manifestations of the law, and builds on the particle model of matter to explain physical changes. []
 * Lesson Plans:**
 * 1. Phsyical Changes and the Conservation of Matter**

1.**Topic:** Electricity, Heat and Matter 2. **Student Research Investigation Question** How does mass change during a physical and chemical change (ice melting, Alka-Seltzer in water)? 3. **Variables (dependent and independent)** dependent: mass of water, tablet, ice independent: heat, location 4. **Hypothesis** They will weigh more, less, or the same. 5. **Procedure** Students will weigh water and Alka-Seltzer separately, then dissolve the tablet in the water and weigh it again. Alternate: students will weigh an ice cube frozen, then melt it and weigh it again. Alternate: students will weigh a cookie, then break it apart to crumbs and weigh it again. Students should come to the conclusion that the mass remains the same no matter how the item changes.
 * Discrepant Event:**

This activity brings water molecules up to size (student-size!) by physically involving students in simulating molecular movement in each of water's physical states. **(p.33-36)**
 * Simulations (Project WET, Project WILD, etc):**
 * 1. Molecules in Motion**

This resource allows students to explore what happens to the amount of different substances as they change from a solid to a liquid or a liquid to solid. Students investigate how melting and freezing impact the amount of three separate everyday items; water, chocolate, and margarine. Guiding questions are provided for teachers. ORC #413 [] In this promising practice resource, students use observation skills to analyze the differences between physical and chemical changes in matter. ORC #13563 []
 * Websites/ ORC sites:**
 * 1. Water 3: Melting and Freezing**
 * 2. Science Detectives**


 * Literature:**
 * 1) //Change It!: Solids, Liquids, Gases, and You// by Adrienne Mason
 * 2) //Matter: See It, touch It, Taste It, Smell It// by Darlene R. Stille
 * 3) //What is Matter// by Don L. Curry
 * 4) //What's the World Made of?: All about Solids, Liquids, and Gases// by Kathleen Weidner Zoehfeld


 * Text References:**
 * 1) //Experiments with Solids, Liquids, and Gases// by Salvatore Tocci


 * Related Vocabulary:**
 * Matter
 * Solid
 * Liquid
 * Gas
 * Phyiscal change
 * Chemical change


 * Content 2:** **Energy can be transformed from one for to another or can be transfered from one location to another.**

First, read the book __The Mitten__ by Jan Brett. Ask the students why all the animals wanted in the mitten. Then let your students hypothesis about whether or not mittens are warm. This really makes them think. They will need to find the room, plain mitten, and hand in mitten temperatures. When they begin to look at and analyze the data be prepared for lots of questions because mittens are NOT warm. []
 * Lesson Plans:**
 * 1. Are Mittens Warm?**

Students will discover the importance of heat transfer, conduction of heat through different materials. Students will recognize that some materials are good conductors of heat and some materials are good insulators for heat. Students will discover the use of the Internet as a research tool. The Internet allows the students to research not only the ancient practices in building structures, as well as the latest practices available today. []
 * 2. Three Little Pigs**


 * Discrepant Events:**

Students build weather instruments and record weather data. Earth Science. Observing and recording weather data. Measurement: using measuring tools; Data Analysis: collecting and analyzing data; charts. Nature of Technology:tools and machines. []
 * STEM Events:**
 * 1. Measuring Weather**

Students conduct investigations to discover how the density of water is affected by heat and salinity and how climate change may affect ocean water density and the North America heat pump. Students relate their discoveries to literary adventures. **(p.3-11)**
 * Simulations (Project WET, Project WILD, etc):**
 * 1. Adventures in Density**

This promising practice lesson presents an opportunity for students to explore temperature and thermometers. Students begin by measuring the temperature in different locations around the school. They then construct a thermometer using everyday materials. Finally students record the atmospheric temperature for several days. ORC #5252 [] 2. **A Hair Rasing Expereince** This promising practice instructional resource asks students to describe the behavior of static electricity as observed in nature and everyday occurrences. This activity uses working definitions determined by students that may or may not be completely correct; however, they should be used and corrected by the students as they gain more experience with an understanding of the concept. The strength of a working definition is that it is an indicator of student understanding and can be used by the teacher to guide further experiences. Also, along with incorporating working definitions, this lesson allows teachers to address the common misconception that lightning is an example of static electricity. Lightning actually occurs after particles have built up positive and negative charges in the clouds jump to the ground or to another cloud and the energy is neutralized. The flash of lightning seen is actually an example of current electricity. ORC #4940 [] In this promising practice lesson students "act out" different types of circuits and then build their own circuits using wire, a bulb, a battery and a switch. After completing the lesson students create a booklet in which the express their understanding dc circuits through diagrams and writing. ORC # 4950 [] This video discuses the transfer of heat through energy. Before watching, ask students why heat is important and why living things rely on this type of energy. [] Learn about atoms, electricity and more. []
 * Websites/ ORC sites:**
 * 1. Thermometers**
 * 3. Flowing Electrons**
 * 4. Heat Video**
 * 5. The Atoms Family Website**


 * Literature:**
 * 1) //Charged Up: The Story of Electricity//
 * 2) //Heat Wave// by Eileen Spinelli
 * 3) //The Magic Schoolbus and the Electric Field Trip// by Joanna Cole
 * 4) //The Mitten// by Jan Brett **(Are Mittens Warm? Lesson)**
 * 5) //Oscar and the Bird: A Book About Electricity// by Geoff Waring
 * 6) //Switch On, Switch Off// by Melvin Berger
 * 7) //Why Should I Save Energy// by Jen Green


 * Text References:**
 * 1) //Ask Your Science Teacher: Answers to Everyday Questions// by Larry Scheckel
 * 2) //Energy: Light, Heat and Sound//


 * Related Vocabulary:**
 * Electricity
 * Circuit
 * Heat
 * Transfer